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ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj slus242 - july 1999 features ? 1v input voltage operation startup guaranteed under full load on main output with operation down to 0.4v ? input voltage range of 1v to v out + 0.5v ? 500mw output power at battery voltages as low as 0.8v ? secondary 9v supply from a single inductor ? adjustable output power limit control ? output fully disconnected in shutdown ? adaptive current mode control for optimum efficiency ? 8 a shutdown supply current 1v synchronous boost converter modulator control circuit synchronous rectification circuitry anti-cross conduction startup multiplexing logic maximum input power control adaptive current control 4 5 6 7 1 8 3 2 + ? 1.25v ucc3941-adj open=sd sd 10 f vgd 8v startup circuitry vin sw + 10 f 22 h 0.8v to vout +0.5v 100 f 0.4 ? vout pgnd *sgnd/fb plim 0.25 ? ucc3941-3 = 3.3v ucc3941-5 = 5.0v ucc3941-adj = 1.30v to 6v *for ucc3941-adj only: pin 7 = sgnd & pgnd, pin 6 = output sense feedback, fb. for ucc3941-adj only simplified block diagram and application circuit udg-98147 description the ucc3941 family of low input voltage single inductor boost converters are optimized to operate from a single or dual alkaline cell, and step up to a 3.3v, 5 v, or an adjustable output at 500mw. the ucc3941 family also provides an auxiliary 9 v 100mw output, primarily for the gate drive supply, which can be used for applications requiring an auxiliary output such as a 5v supply by linear regulating. the primary output will start u p under full load at input voltages typically as low as 0.8v, with a guaranteed maximum of 1v, and will operate down to 0.4v once the converter is operating, maxi - mizing battery utilization. demanding applications such as pagers and pda?s require high efficiency from several milli-watts to several hundred milli-watts, and the ucc3941 family accommodates these applications with >80% typical efficiencies over the wide range of operation. the high efficiency at low output current is achieved by optimizing switching and conduction losses along with low quiescent current. at higher output current the 0.25 ? switch, and 0.4 ? syn - chronous rectifier, along with continuous mode conduction, provide high ef - ficiency. the wide input voltage range on the ucc3941 family can accommodate other power sources such as nicd and nimh. other features include maximum power control and shutdown control. packages available are the 8-pin soic (d) and 8-pin dip (n or j). application info available
2 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj electrical characteristics: unless otherwise specified, for ucc3941, t a = 0c to 70c; for ucc2941, t a = ?40c to 85c; vin = 1.25v, t a =t j . parameter test conditions min typ max units vin section minimum startup voltage no external vgd load, t j = 25c, i out = 100ma (note 1) 0.8 1.0 v minimum start voltage no external vgd load, i out = 100ma, t j = 0 c to 85 c (note 1) 0.9 1.1 v minimum startup voltage no external vgd load, t j = ?40c to 0 c 0.9 1.5 v minimum dropout voltage no external vgd load, i out = 100ma, vgd = 6.3v (note 1) 0.5 v input voltage range 1 vout +0.5 v quiescent supply current (note 2) 13 25 a supply current at shutdown sd = open 8 20 a output section quiescent supply current (note 2) 32 80 a supply current at shutdown sd = open 6 15 a regulation voltage (ucc3941-3) 1v < vin < 3v 3.18 3.25 3.37 v 1v < vin < 3v, 0ma < i out < 150ma (note 1) 3.17 3.30 3.43 v regulation voltage (ucc3941-5) 1v < vin < 5v 4.85 5.00 5.15 v 1v < vin < 5v, 0ma < i out 100ma (note 1) 4.8 5.0 5.2 v fb voltage (ucc3941-adj) 1v < vin < 3v 1.212 1.250 1.288 v vgd output section quiescent supply current (note 2) 25 60 a supply current at shutdown sd = open 8 20 a regulation voltage 1v < vin < 3v 7.5 8.7 9.2 v 1v < vin < 3v, 0ma < i out < 10ma (note 1) 7.4 8.7 9.3 v inductor charging section (l = 22 h) peak discontinuous current over operating range 0.50 0.85 a peak continuous current r plim = 6.2 ? , ucc3941-3 and ucc3941-5 0.5 0.8 1.1 a ucc3941-adj 0.6 0.9 1.3 a absolute maximum ratings vin voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?0.3v to 10v sd voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?0.3v to vin plim voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?0.3v to 10v vgd voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?0.3v to 15v sw voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?0.3v to 15v vout voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?0.3v to 10v storage temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?65c to +150c junction temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?55c to +150c lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . +300c currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. consult packaging section of databook for thermal limitations and considerations of packages. pin 6 is fb for ucc3941-adj. connection diagram dil-8, soic-8 (top view) n or j package, d package
3 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj electrical characteristics: unless otherwise specified, for ucc3941, t a = 0c to 70c; for ucc2941, t a = ?40c to 85c; vin = 1.25v, t a =t j . parameter test conditions min typ max units inductor charging section charge switch r ds(on) n and d package, i = 200ma 0.25 0.4 ? current limit delay (note 1) 50 ns synchronous rectifier section rectifier r ds(on) n and d package, i = 200ma, ucc3941-adj v out = 3.3v and ucc3941?3 0.35 0.6 ? n and d package, i = 200ma, ucc3941-5 0.5 0.8 ? shutdown section shutdown bias current ?10 ?7 a note 1: performance from application circuit shown in figures 3 - 5 guaranteed by design and alternate testing methods, but not 100% tested as shown in production. note 2: for the ucc3941-3, vout = 3.47v and vgd = 9.3v. for the ucc3941-5, vout = 5.25v, vgd = 9.3v. for the ucc3941- adj, fb = 1.315v, vgd = 9.3v. pin descriptions fb: feedback control pin used in the ucc3941-adj version only. the internal reference for this comparator is 1.25v and external resistors provide the gain to the output voltage. pgnd: power ground of the ic. the inductor charging current flows through this pin. for the ucc3941-adj signal ground and power ground lines are tied to a common pin. plim: this pin is programmed to set the maximum input power for the converter. for example a 1a current limit at 1v would have a 333ma limit at 3v input keeping the input power constant at 1w. the peak current at vin = 1v is programmed to 1.5a (1.5w) when this pin is grounded. the power limit is given by: pl n r v w pl in () . . (. ) = ? + + 11 8 67 026 where r pl is equal to the external resistor from the plim pin to ground and n is the expected efficiency of the converter. the peak current limit is given by: () i n vr pk a in pl () . . . = ? ?+ + 11 8 67 026 constant power gives several advantages over constant current such as lower output ripple. sd: when this pin is open, the built in 7 a current source pulls up on the pin and programs the ic to go into shutdown mode. this pin requires an open circuit for shutdown and will not operate correctly when driven to a logic level high with ttl or cmos logic. when this pin is connected to ground, (either directly or with a transistor) the ic is enabled and both output voltages will regulate. sgnd: signal ground of the ic. for the ucc3941-adj signal ground and power ground lines are tied to a common pin. sw: an inductor is connected between this node and vin. the vgd (gate drive supply) flyback diode is also connected to this pin. when servicing the 3.3v supply, this pin will go low charging the inductor, then shut off, dumping the energy through the synchronous rectifier to the output. when servicing the vgd supply, the internal synchronous rectifier stays off, and the energy is diverted to vgd through the flyback diode. during discontinuous portions of the inductor current a mosfet resistively connects vin to sw damping excess circulating energy to eliminate undesired high frequency ringing. vgd: the vgd pin which is coarsely regulated around 9v and is primarily used for the gate drive supply for the power switches in the ic. this pin can be loaded with up to 10ma as long as it does not present a load at voltages below 2v. this ensures proper startup of the ic. the vgd supply can go as low as 7.5v without interfering with the servicing of the 3.3v output. below 7.5v, vgd will have the highest priority, although practically the voltage should not decay to that level if the output capacitor is sized properly. vin: input voltage to supply the ic during startup. after the output is running the ic draws power from vout or vgd. vout: main output voltage (3.3v, 5v or adjustable) which has highest priority in the multiplexing scheme, as long as vgd is above the critical level of 7.5v. loads over 150ma are achievable at 1v input voltage. this output will startup with 1v input at full load.
4 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj 4 5 2 3 8 1 6 6 7 sd plim vgd vin sw vout fb for ucc3941-adj only pgnd sgnd for ucc3941-3/-5 5 ? + ? + ? + ? vgd + ? + ? + ? + ? * 3.3v for ucc3941-3 5.0v for ucc3941-5 1.25v for ucc3941-adj vgd ** 8.7v for ucc3941-3 9.6v for ucc3941-5/-adj vgd *** 7.7v for ucc3941-3 8.8v for ucc3941-5/-adj from sd 5v 1.4a max current limit 50mv vin vin sd 50mv maximum 200khz startup oscilator and control vgd vgd vgd zero detect vout zero detect anti-ringing switch 1.7 s off time controller rectifier control from sd clk dq l1 rq sd boost latch on time controller t on = 11 sec vin vsat * ** *** thermal shutdown r q sd figure 1. 1v synchronous boost. udg-98146 note: switches are shown in the logic low state. a detailed block diagram of the ucc3941 is shown in fig. 1. unique control circuitry provides high efficiency power conversion for both light and heavy loads by tran - sitioning between discontinuous and continuous conduc - tion based on load conditions. fig. 2 depicts converter waveforms for the application circuit shown in fig. 3. a single 22 h inductor provides the energy pulses required for a highly efficient 3.3v converter at up to 500mw out - put power. application information
5 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj figure 2. inductor current and output ripple waveforms. application information (cont.) udg-96117 at time t 1 , the 3.3v output drops below its lower thresh- old, and the inductor is charged with an on time deter - mined by: t s vin on = 12 for a 1.25v input, and a 22 h inductor, the resulting peak current is approximately 500ma. at time t 2 , the in - ductor begins to discharge with a minimum off time of 1.7 s. under lightly loaded conditions, the amount of en - ergy delivered in this single pulse would satisfy the volt - age control loop, and the converter would not command any more energy pulses until the output again drops be - low the lower voltage threshold. at time t 3 , the vgd supply has dropped below its lower threshold, but the output voltage is still above its thresh - old point. this results in an energy pulse to the gate drive supply at t 4 . however, while the gate drive is being serv - iced, the output voltage has dropped below its lower threshold, so the state machine commands an energy pulse to the output as soon as the gate drive pulse is completed. time t 6 , represents a transition between light and heavy load. a single energy pulse is not sufficient to force the output voltage above its upper threshold before the mini - mum off time has expired, and a second charge cycle is commanded. since the inductor current does not reach zero in this case, the peak current is greater than 0.5a at the end of the next charge on time. the result is a ratcheting of inductor current until either the output volt - age is satisfied, or the converter reaches its programmed current limit. at time t 7 , the gate drive voltage has dropped below its threshold but the converter continues to service the output because it has highest priority, un - less vgd drops below 7.5v. between t 7 and t 8 , the converter reaches its peak current limit which is determined by r pl and vin. once the limit is reached, the converter operates in continuous mode with approximately 200ma of ripple current. at time t 8 , the output voltage is satisfied, and the converter can ser - vice vgd, which occurs at t 9 .
6 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj programming the power limit the ucc3941 incorporates an adaptive power limit con - trol which modifies the converter current limit as a func - tion of input voltage. in order to program the function, the user simply determines the output power requirements and makes an initial converter efficiency estimate. the programming resistor is chosen by: r n pnv pl out bat = ? ?? 11 8 026 67 . ?. ?. where n is the initial efficiency estimate. for 500mw of output power, with a 1.0v input, and an efficiency esti - mate of 0.75: () ()() r pl == 11 8 0 75 05 026075 10 67 22 .. .?. . . ?. ? for decreasing values of r pl , the power limit increases. therefore, to insure that the converter can supply 500mw of output power, a power limiting resistor of less than 22 ? must be chosen. () pv i l bat l =?= = 11.8 2+6.7 +1.0 0 .26 0.67w 2 this power limiting setting will support 0.5w of output power. it should be noted that the power limit equation contains an approximation which results in slightly less actual input power than the equation predicts. this dis- crepancy results from the fact that the average current delivered to the load will be less than the peak current set by the power limit function due to current ripple. how - ever, if the ripple component of the current is kept low, the power limit equation can be used as an adequate es - timate of input power. furthermore, since an initial effi - ciency estimate was required, sufficient margin can be built into this estimate to insure proper converter opera - tion. the 6.2 ? external power limit resister in fig. 3-5 will result in approximately 700mw of power capability with a application information (cont.) 5 8 1 7 6 vout sw 10sn100m 100 f r pl 6.2 ? wcr0805-6r207 4 3.3v at 500mw 2 sd vgd 10 f open = sd 3 vin 10 f mmsz5240bt1 + 1v to 3.5v dt3316p-223 22 h plim sgnd pgnd ucc3941-3 8v figure 3. dual output synchronous boost 3.3v version. udg-98163 5 8 1 7 6 vout sw 10sn100m 100 f r pl 6.2 ? wcr0805-6r207 4 5.0v at 500mw 2 sd vgd 10 f open = sd 3 vin 10 f mmsz5240bt1 + 1v to 5.5v dt3316p-223 22 h plim adj pgnd ucc3941-5 8v figure 4. dual output synchronous boost 5v version. udg-98159 5 8 1 7 6 vout sw 10sn100m 100 f r pl 6.2 ? wcr0805-6r207 4 3.3v at 500mw 2 sd vgd 10 f open = sd 3 vin 10 f mmsz5240bt1 + 1v to vout + 0.5v dt3316p-223 22 h plim sgnd pgnd ucc3941-3 10v r1 r2 vout=1.25(1+ ) r1 r2 figure 5. dual output synchronous boost adj version. udg-98164
7 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj 1.0v input. inductor section an inductor value of 22 h will work well in most applica - tions, but values between 10 h and 100 h are also ac - ceptable. lower value inductors typically offer lower esr and smaller physical size. due to the nature of the ?bang-bang? controllers, larger inductor values will typi - cally result in larger overall voltage ripple, because once the output voltage level is satisfied the converter goes discontinuous, resulting in the residual energy of inductor causing overshoot. it is recommended to keep the esr of the inductor below 0.15 ? for 500mw applications. a coilcraft dt3316p-223 surface mount inductor is one choice since it has a cur - rent rating of 1.5a and an esr of 84m ? . other choices for surface mount inductors are shown in table 1. output capacitor selection once the inductor value is selected the capacitor value will determine the ripple of the converter. the worst case peak to peak ripple of a cycle is determined by two com - ponents, one is due to the charge storage characteristic, and the other is the esr of the capacitor. the worst case ripple occurs when the inductor is operating at maximum current and is expressed as follows: () () ? v il cv v ic cl oi cl esr = ? ?? ? +? 2 2 where i cl = the peak inductor current i power limit v cl in = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? v = output ripple v o = output voltage v i = input voltage c esr = esr of the output capacitor a sanyo os-con series surface mount capacitor (10sn100m) is one recommendation. this part has an esr rating of 90m ? at 100 f. other potential capacitor sources are shown in table 2. input capacitor selection since the ucc3941 family does not require a large de - coupling capacitor on the input voltage to operate prop - erly, a 10 f capacitor is sufficient for most applications. optimum efficiency will occur when the capacitor value is large enough to decouple the source impedance. this usually occurs for capacitor values in excess of 100 f. application information (cont.) manufacturer part number sanyo video components san diego, california os-con series tel: 619-661-6322 fax: 619-661-1055 avx sanford, maine tps series tel: 207-282-5111 fax: 207-283-1941 sprague concord, new hampshire 695d series tel: 603-224-1961 table 2. capacitor suppliers manufacturer part numbers coilcraft cary, illinois dt series tel: 708-639-2361 fax: 708-639-1469 coiltronics boca raton, florida ctx series tel: 407-241-7876 table 1. inductor suppliers
8 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj figure 8. startup characteristics. t 0 : 200khz startup oscillator starts vgd rising. t 1 : vgd gets to a sufficient voltage (5v) to run ic in normal operating mode. t 2 : vgd has reached a sufficient voltage (7.5v) to get vout started. t 3 : vout is serviced and starting up. t 4 : vout has reached a sufficient voltage and vgd is serviced until it reaches = 8.5v. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.1 1 10 100 iout (ma) efficiency (%) vin= 2v vin= 2.5v vin= 3v figure 7. ucc3941 efficiency vs. i out ,v out = 3.3v. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.1 1 10 100 iout (ma) efficiency (%) vin = 1v vin = 1.25v vin = 1.5v figure 6. ucc3941 efficiency vs. i out ,v out = 3.3v.
9 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj figure 10. pseudo continuous mode operation. vout ripple 20mv/div i inductor current 0.2a/div l = 22 h c = 100 f c vgd = 22 h r pl = 6 v in = 1.25 i out = 100ma 20 s/div figure 9. dual output example. application information (cont.) t 1 : vout is service and inductor current goes continuous. t 2 : vgd is serviced with discontinuous operation and reaches 1st threshold (7.5v). t 3 : vout requires servicing so since vgd has at least reached its first threshold of 7.5v the vout has priority. t 4 : vout is satisfied and vgd is serviced until 2nd threshold is reached. t 5 : both outputs are satisfied.
10 ucc2941-3/-5/-adj ucc3941-3/-5/-adj 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900 1.100 1.300 1.500 1.700 1.900 2.100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 r p ( ? ) i lim (a) 1v 1.25v 1.5v 1.75v 2v 3v figure 13. ucc3941-adj i lim vs. r p (j package only). 0.300 0.500 0.700 0.900 1.100 1.300 1.500 1.700 1.900 2.100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 r p ( ? ) i lim (a) 1v 1.25v 1.5v 1.75v 2v 3v figure 14. ucc3941-adj i lim vs. r p (all other packages). unitrode corporation 7 continental blvd. merrimack, nh 03054 tel. (603) 424-2410 fax (603) 424-3460 () () () il rv rp p bat = +? + 11 5 61 02 . . . () () () il rv rp p bat = +? + 11 8 67 026 . . . 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 0 50 100 150 i out (ma) vbat at dropout (v) figure 11. ucc3941-3 dropout vs. i out . application information (cont.) 0.8 0.84 0.88 0.92 0.96 1 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.2 0 50 100 150 i out (ma) v start (v) figure 12. minimum start voltage vs. i out . figure 15. v in startup vs. temp.
important notice texas instruments and its subsidiaries (ti) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. all products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. ti warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with ti's standard warranty. testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent ti deems necessary to support this warranty. specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. certain applications using semiconductor products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage (acritical applicationso). ti semiconductor products are not designed, authorized, or warranted to be suitable for use in life-support devices or systems or other critical applications. inclusion of ti products in such applications is understood to be fully at the customer's risk. in order to minimize risks associated with the customer's applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. ti assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. ti does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of ti covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. ti's publication of information regarding any third party's products or services does not constitute ti's approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. copyright ? 1999, texas instruments incorporated

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